Analysis of SOX1 regulation in stem cell and cancerous cell lines

The SOX family of transcription factors are well-known regulators of diverse cellular events during development. SOX1, which belongs to the SOXB1 sub-family, is a key regulator of neural stem cell fate and a known specific marker of the neuroectoderm lineage. SOX1 plays an important role in early embryonic and postnatal CNS development. Recently, several studies have implicated SOX1 as a tumour suppressor gene in different cancer types. Conversely, SOX1 has also been reported to act as an oncogene in a prostate cancer model. In order to better understand SOX1 gene regulation, this project set out to gain a deeper insight into the regulation of SOX1 in the context of stem cells and cancer, and to identify potential regulatory mechanisms that can significantly regulate its function. Initially, SOX1 gene expression and its promoter DNA methylation pattern was analysed in a range of cancer cell lines to establish whether SOX1 epigenetic silencing was consistently found in cancer lines. Differential SOX1 expression across the analysed cancer cell lines suggests differential regulation of SOX1 in cancer, accompanied by cancer type dependent epigenetic silencing of SOX1 by DNA methylation. The second part of the study focused on the characterisation of the structure and expression of a newly identified SOX1 overlapping transcript (SOX1-OT), using RT-PCR and 5’5’RACE techniques. The SOX1-OT genomic locus was found evolutionary conserved across different species. SOX1-OT expression was further analysed in a human neuroprogenitor cell line across different time points of neural differentiation, highlighting its possible role in neural differentiation. Furthermore, the SOX1-OT gene expression profile was matched with SOX1 gene expression in a panel of different stem cell and cancerous cell lines. The co-expression profiles of SOX1-OT and SOX1 in stem cells and carcinogenesis indicated towards a potential role of SOX1-OT regulating SOX1 gene expression. Finally, a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate evidence of SOX1 post translational modifications (PTMs). In silico prediction of phosphorylation, acetylation and sumoylation sites support SOX1 PTMs. The predicted PTMs within different SOX1 protein domains may affect its function through altering its DNA binding activities, cellular localisation and interaction with partner proteins. In conclusion, SOX1 expression in different stem and cancer cell lines is likely to be regulated by promoter DNA methylation, a long non coding RNA (SOX1-OT) and its function by different types of PTMs. These regulatory features may in the future advance the understanding of the SOX1 transcription regulatory network in stem cell developmental processes and its role in cancer development

Expression of a SOX1 overlapping transcript in neural differentiation and cancer models

SOX1 is a member of the SOXB1 subgroup of transcription factors involved in early embryogenesis, CNS development and maintenance of neural stem cells. The structure and regulation of the human SOX1 locus has been less studied than that of SOX2, another member of the SOXB1 subgroup for which an overlapping transcript has been reported. Here we report that the SOX1 locus harbours a SOX1 overlapping transcript (SOX1-OT), and describe expression, splicing variants and detection of SOX1-OT in different stem and cancer cells. RT-PCR and RACE experiments were performed to detect and characterize the structure of SOX1-OT in neuroprogenitor cultures and across different cancer cell lines. SOX1-OT was found to present a complex structure including several unannotated exons, different transcript variants, and at least two potential transcription start sites. SOX1-OT was found to be highly expressed in differentiated neural stem cells across different time points of differentiation, and its expression correlated with SOX1 gene expression. Concomitant expression of SOX1 and SOX1-OT was further observed in several cancer cell models. While the function of this transcript is unknown, the regulatory role reported for other lncRNAs strongly suggests a possible role for SOX1-OT in regulating SOX1 expression, as previously observed for SOX2. The elucidation of the genetic and regulatory context governing SOX1 expression will contribute to clarifying its role in stem cell differentiation and tumorigenesis

Membumikan Laporan Keuangan untuk Penghafal Al-Quran

Alquran-based educational institutions are one of the most important supplier of the nation's generation of noble character, love of the motherland, and global outlook. The survival of these educational institutions is determined, among other things, by the organization's sound and transparent financial management. Financial reports are an instrument for educational institutions to evaluate performance and plan activities that are realistic and adaptive to change. Islamic Education Foundation Islamic Boarding School Alquraniyah (YPI-PPA) East Jurangmangu, Pondok Aren, South Tangerang has the responsibility to give birth to the nation's cadres who are polite, love the Koran, and ready to contribute to the wider community. Fostering financial management, especially in preparing financial statements, is crucial for stakeholders who need a guarantee of business continuity from the educational institution. The synergy between students and lecturers at the State Financial Polytechnic STAN has sought to raise awareness for YPI-PPA employees to begin cleaning up in preparing financial reports that are more comprehensive, accountable, and provide full information for decision makers

Magnetotransport in spin-orbit coupled noncentrosymmetric and Weyl metals

Recently, chiral anomaly (CA) has been proposed to occur in spin-orbit coupled noncentrosymmetric metals (SOC-NCMs), motivating CA to be a Fermi surface property rather than a Weyl node property. Although the nature of the anomaly is similar in both SOC-NCMs and Weyl systems, here we point out significant fundamental differences between the two. We show that the different nature of the orbital magnetic moment (OMM) in the two systems leads to non-trivial consequences -- particularly the sign of the longitudinal magnetoconductance always remains positive in a SOC non-centrosymmetric metal, unlike a Weyl metal that displays either sign. Furthermore,we investigate the planar Hall effect and the geometrical contribution to the Hall effect in the two systems and point out significant differences in the two systems. We conduct our analysis for magnetic and non-magnetic impurities, making our study important in light of current and upcoming experiments in both SOC-NCMs and Weyl metals

The Influence of Plastic Mulching Materials and Sowing Dates on the Yield and Yield Components of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

The use of plastic mulches affects the microclimate in the vicinity of the plant by modifying the radiation on the soil surface and reduce the loss of water. Pea is more nutritious and 2nd food source after cereals at Pakistan, but due to lake of proper management, yield is still not up to mark as compare to developed world. To reduce this problem, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mulching material and sowing dates on the yield of Pea. The study consisted of three different mulching materials (Polythene Black, Polythene Blue and Polythene Brown) with three different sowing dates (1st, 15th and 30th October) arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results showed that different sowing dates and mulching materials had significant effect on the yield parameters of Pea. Regarding sowing dates, maximum days to pod formation (8.08 days), pods plant?1 (21.25), Pod weight (18.84 g) and pod yield (4.39 tons ha?1) were noted in pea sown on October 1st. Whereas, minimum data of days to pod formation (3.08 days), pod plant?1 (15.34), pod weight (13.17 g) and pod yields (2.69tons ha?1) were recorded in pea sown on October 30th. In case of mulching types maximum number of pods plant?1 (19.00), pod length (6.89 cm), seeds pod?1 (7.78), pod weight (17.34 g) and pod yield (3.69 tons ha?1) were observed in pea mulched with Polythene Black, while minimum pods plant-1, pod length, seeds pod-1, pod weight and pod yield were found in control. The study suggested that pea should be sown on October 1st while mulched with Polythene Black to produce maximum yield and production in agro environment of district Peshawar

UPLC-MS: An Emerging Novel Technology and Its Application in Food Safety

Over the past decade, food safety has become an important issue worldwide due to higher incidences of food contamination. Currently, one of the great challenges in food safety is the analysis of emerging food contaminants. Moreover, the scope, relevance, and level of food safety and testing have never been in such complexity than in today’s global marketplace. In recent years, a novel technology ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS) has been developed to estimate the food contaminants, as well as food components with better accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and high throughput. UPLC–MS works on van Deemter principle, which states that, the flow rate of smaller particles are much faster in compare with large particles as well as unfolding the correlation of flow rate and plate height. Additionally, various food components as well as food contaminants such as vitamins, amino acid, metabolite identification, adulteration, forensic testing, toxicity studies, phytoconstituents, pesticide in agriculture, antibiotic residue, hormones, dyes and pigment analysis can be performed using UPLC–MS. Moreover, uniqueness of UPLC-MS and its wide range of application makes it an important tool for food safety laboratory around the world

HLA-DQA1*05 carriage associated with development of anti-drug antibodies to infliximab and adalimumab in patients with Crohn's Disease

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies are the most widely used biologic drugs for treating immune-mediated diseases, but repeated administration can induce the formation of anti-drug antibodies. The ability to identify patients at increased risk for development of anti-drug antibodies would facilitate selection of therapy and use of preventative strategies.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on Publisher URL to access the full-text

Analysis of SOX1 regulation in stem cell and cancerous cell lines

The SOX family of transcription factors are well-known regulators of diverse cellular events during development. SOX1, which belongs to the SOXB1 sub-family, is a key regulator of neural stem cell fate and a known specific marker of the neuroectoderm lineage. SOX1 plays an important role in early embryonic and postnatal CNS development. Recently, several studies have implicated SOX1 as a tumour suppressor gene in different cancer types. Conversely, SOX1 has also been reported to act as an oncogene in a prostate cancer model. In order to better understand SOX1 gene regulation, this project set out to gain a deeper insight into the regulation of SOX1 in the context of stem cells and cancer, and to identify potential regulatory mechanisms that can significantly regulate its function. Initially, SOX1 gene expression and its promoter DNA methylation pattern was analysed in a range of cancer cell lines to establish whether SOX1 epigenetic silencing was consistently found in cancer lines. Differential SOX1 expression across the analysed cancer cell lines suggests differential regulation of SOX1 in cancer, accompanied by cancer type dependent epigenetic silencing of SOX1 by DNA methylation. The second part of the study focused on the characterisation of the structure and expression of a newly identified SOX1 overlapping transcript (SOX1-OT), using RT-PCR and 5’5’RACE techniques. The SOX1-OT genomic locus was found evolutionary conserved across different species. SOX1-OT expression was further analysed in a human neuroprogenitor cell line across different time points of neural differentiation, highlighting its possible role in neural differentiation. Furthermore, the SOX1-OT gene expression profile was matched with SOX1 gene expression in a panel of different stem cell and cancerous cell lines. The co-expression profiles of SOX1-OT and SOX1 in stem cells and carcinogenesis indicated towards a potential role of SOX1-OT regulating SOX1 gene expression. Finally, a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate evidence of SOX1 post translational modifications (PTMs). In silico prediction of phosphorylation, acetylation and sumoylation sites support SOX1 PTMs. The predicted PTMs within different SOX1 protein domains may affect its function through altering its DNA binding activities, cellular localisation and interaction with partner proteins. In conclusion, SOX1 expression in different stem and cancer cell lines is likely to be regulated by promoter DNA methylation, a long non coding RNA (SOX1-OT) and its function by different types of PTMs. These regulatory features may in the future advance the understanding of the SOX1 transcription regulatory network in stem cell developmental processes and its role in cancer development

Analysis of Inverse Weibull Distribution based on Record Values

In this research paper, the estimates of the parameters of InverseWeibull distribution (IWD) are obtained from lower record values by using Lloyd’s Method and Gupta’s Method. The comparisons between the performances of both the estimation methods, for location and scale parameters of IWD, have been made in terms of relative efficiency numerically and graphically. The study explored that relative efficiency of Gupta’s estimators for location and scale parameters of IWD increases as the value of shape parameter increases